Vyšehrad Cemetery: Prague’s National Pantheon
Vyšehrad, perched on a rocky hill above the Vltava River, is one of Prague’s most historically and culturally significant sites. Often overshadowed by Prague Castle, this ancient fortress has long been steeped in myths and legends. But beyond its medieval walls and scenic parkland lies Vyšehrad Cemetery—Czechia’s national pantheon, where some of the country’s most remarkable figures rest.
A historic stronghold turned national symbol
The origins of Vyšehrad stretch deep into Czech history. According to legends, it was the original seat of the Přemyslid dynasty, a claim embraced by 19th-century Czech nationalists. In reality, archaeological findings suggest that Vyšehrad was established about a century later than Prague Castle, likely in the second half of the 10th century.
Regardless of its true origins, Vyšehrad held both military and spiritual importance. It served as a key defensive stronghold and, at times, a rival center of power to Prague Castle. In the 15th century, it was plundered and burned by the Hussites, and in the 17th century, it became part of Prague’s fortifications. Today, visitors can still walk through massive Baroque gates and along ramparts offering breathtaking views of the Vltava River and the city skyline.
However, Vyšehrad’s historical significance extends beyond its fortress walls. The site is home to several architectural gems, including the Romanesque Rotunda of Saint Martin, the old Provost’s House, and the impressive Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul. Another notable institution is the Jedlička Institute (Jedličkův ústav), a pioneering medical and educational center for people with disabilities, founded in 1913.
Vyšehrad Cemetery: a final resting place for Czech greats
In the 19th century, during the Czech National Revival, Vyšehrad took on a new role: it became a symbolic resting place for the nation’s most distinguished figures. It was František Ladislav Rieger—politician, businessman, and son-in-law of historian František Palacký—who first proposed in 1869 that the cemetery at Vyšehrad should serve as a national pantheon.
Over time, this vision became reality. Neo-Renaissance arcades designed by architect Antonín Wiehl were built, along with Slavín—a grand communal tomb for the most celebrated Czech personalities. Walking through Vyšehrad Cemetery today, visitors will find the graves of composers like Antonín Dvořák, writers such as Karel Čapek, and a host of painters, architects, actors, and political figures who helped shape Czech history and culture.
One particularly interesting tombstone features a pair of white skis—a tribute to Josef Rössler-Ořovský, a pioneer of Czech sports. He introduced football, ice hockey, rowing, and skiing to Czechia, helped organize the first Czech football match, and even played a key role in founding the Czech Olympic Committee before Czechoslovakia was officially established. His resting place among literary, musical, and political giants is a testament to the wide range of influential figures honored at Vyšehrad.
A place of reflection and discovery
While Vyšehrad Cemetery is a site of solemn remembrance, it is also a beautiful and peaceful place for reflection. Set within the shadow of the Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, the cemetery invites visitors to explore Czech history through the lives of those buried there.
Yet Vyšehrad holds more secrets waiting to be uncovered. Beneath its historic ramparts lies an underground complex of corridors and hidden spaces known as the Vyšehrad Casemates. Though I tried calling to arrange a visit, I haven’t been able to reach anyone—yet. But next time on Prague Off the Beaten Track, I hope to take you down into this mysterious subterranean world and discover what lies beneath Vyšehrad’s legendary foundations.
Until then, Vyšehrad remains a must-visit for those seeking a deeper understanding of Prague’s history—whether wandering its fortress grounds, admiring its architecture, or paying tribute at its national cemetery.
Vyšehrad Fact Box
- 10th century: Likely founded as a fortified settlement, about a century after Prague Castle.
- 1420: Plundered and burned by the Hussites during the Hussite Wars.
- 17th century: Incorporated into Prague’s defensive fortifications under the Habsburgs.
- 1869: František Ladislav Rieger proposes Vyšehrad Cemetery as a national pantheon.
- 1889: Completion of Slavín, the grand communal tomb for prominent Czech figures.
- Today: The final resting place of national icons like Antonín Dvořák and Karel Čapek, and a peaceful retreat with panoramic views of Prague.
How to get there
- Easy walk from Vyšehrad metro station, Line C, follow signs
