Kutna Hora's Italian Courtyard and silver-mining history
Without question the town of Kutna Hora in central Bohemia is a must-see destination for anyone visiting the Czech Republic, a town with a long and fascinating history. In the 13th and 14th centuries the site became increasingly famous for silver deposits, which attracted miners and eventually accounted for as much as a third of all the silver production in Europe.
Vlastimil Pospisil is a local guide:
"The history of Kutna Hora is very much connected with silver mining. Already at the end of the 13th century the first rich German miners came to the area and founded the first miners' village. They uncovered a lot of silver here early on, sparking a 'silver rush'. "
"It's possible to say that at the beginning of the 14th century was the second richest and second most important town besides Prague, with a population of around 60,000 inhabitants. There was mix of many different nationalities. Mainly Kutna Hora was a typical German-style town."
The early 1300s saw a number of significant developments among them King Wenceslas II's introduction of a new mining law. The king established the so-called "Prague groschen" a currency with a fixed content of silver. Nevertheless, its amount at 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper, would vary over the decades depending on the town's economic fortunes. Later, mid-13th century a fortified castle now known as Vlassky Dvur (Italian Courtyard) was established, which would become the site of the Royal Mint and treasury along with smithies and a coin-striking works. A royal residence was also established for use by Czech kings.
"We are standing now inside the Royal Treasury at the Italian Court. Here in front of you is an original Gothic stone portal as the central entrance to the treasury. It was private property: only for Bohemian kings!"
Back at the Mint, we are just about to see a demonstration of how master-minters worked. Traditionally, fifteen were employed hammering out an incredible 2,000 coins over twelve hours a day, times seven days a week. Says Rudolf Bezvoda, who greets tourists viewing the mint, many of them eventually lost their hearing from the constant clanging of hammers. And, although they were extremely well-paid in their day, not many lived to what one would call a ripe old age. But it was perhaps even worse for local prisoners.
"Local crooks who had been caught had to help by placing or setting the coin and if the minter happened to miss they got the full hammer's blow across their fingers. There's even a saying in Czech that when you're bad you get whacked across your fingers. The prisoners had to put up with it for a month and if they weren't crippled by the end of it they stood a chance of getting pardoned!"
All I can say is "ouch".
Kutna Hora is not just the mint: there are many other notable sites worth seeing like St Barbora's and during the high season tourists can still view part of an old mine shaft. It's not for the claustrophobic but it should be quite the experience: all other mines were long closed down, long flooded. The deepest was five hundred metres in length.
Swiss visitors: "It's a little bit crazy but it's good, yes."
"Never seen anything like this before, but no, I don't think it's 'spooky'."
Canadian student: "Definitely very haunting: it's very beautiful and decorative... I mean I find it really decorative and beautiful and very striking. It's very strange to see so many skeletons in one place at one time. To see them so beautifully arranged. I'm really just in awe."
